How to Setup an RTMP Encoder for Live Video Streaming

For many B2C broadcasters, software encoders suffice. However, as a professional broadcaster, it is important to consider using RTMP. RTMP is a video streaming protocol that makes high quality live streaming possible. 

Today we’re going to dive into one of the more complicated live streaming topics: RTMP encoding.

Let’s discuss how video transcoding fits into a live video streaming workflow and how to configure an RTMP encoder and connect it to an online video platform. We’ll also review some of the top video streaming protocols and the most popular RTMP-enabled encoders on the market.

This post has been updated to reflect the most accurate and up-to-date information regarding the setup and tools of RTMP Encoders as of September 2020.

Table of Contents

• What is an Encoder?
• Hardware vs. Software Encoders
• What is RTMP Streaming?
• Common Video Streaming Protocols
• Configuring Your RTMP Encoder
• Popular RTMP Encoders for Live Video Streaming
• Conclusion

What is an Encoder?

A live video encoder is a tool that converts a video from the RAW format to the digital format. On one end, video footage from a camera is fed to the encoder. This footage is converted into a different format in real-time. The purpose of the conversion is to prepare the video to be broadcasted over the internet. 

You can use either a hardware encoder or a software encoder. Each comes with a set of benefits and drawbacks. 

Hardware vs. Software Encoders

There are two types of encoders: hardware and software. A software encoder is a program that works with your online video platform. It uses your computer’s processing power to encode and deliver the video.

A hardware encoder is a dedicated device. They come in various forms. Some are small and suited for mounting on a camera. Others are backpack-mounted or rack-mounted for use in studios or broadcast vehicles.

Hardware encoders are typically considered superior to their software counterparts because they produce a higher quality stream. However, hardware encoders are typically a much larger investment than software encoders. 

Depending on the type of broadcasting you are doing, the investment in the hardware may be worth it. Since there are software encoders for under $100, it is worth testing them out if you’re not sure whether or not you’re ready to make the investment.

What is RTMP Streaming?

RTMP streaming is a method of streaming that is different from its predecessors in the sense that it maintains constant contact between the video player and the server. This constant contact makes RTMP streaming very robust and reliable.

For many years, Flash Player and RTMP worked hand-in-hand to produce ultra-low latency live streams.

Many consider RTMP streaming outdated since it was so closely intertwined with the Flash Player technology, which is completely dead in terms of OTT streaming today. However, the RTMP technology lives on via RTMP encoders.

Common Video Streaming Protocols

Now that you have a better idea of the purpose of video streaming encoders, let’s go a quick comparison of the most common video streaming protocols.

RTMP Streaming Protocol

Most encoders use the format RTMP. RTMP stands for Real-Time Messaging Protocol. RTMP streaming is a delivery method designed for live-streaming. It’s not a codec, but RTMP commonly uses the H.264 codec. Simply put, the purpose of a live streaming encoder is to encode video feeds into RTMP or another live streaming protocol and send them out to a streaming server.

The RTMP protocol is no longer commonly used to deliver streams to viewers. Most often, a modern option like HLS streaming protocol is preferred. Since RTMP is still the standard for delivering your streams to your online video platform, the two work together to make the magic of live streaming possible.

To put things into perspective, your video follows this path:

1. Recorded by camera
2. Fed to RTMP-enabled encoder and prepared for delivery using the RTMP 
3. Sent to your online video platform
4. Prepared for delivery to viewers using the HLS protocol
5. Sent to viewers

This path is traveled almost instantaneously. RTMP and HLS rely on one another to bring your live stream to your audience.

HLS Streaming Protocol

HLS stands for “HTTP Live Streaming.” It is a streaming protocol that was originally designed and used by Apple. HLS is actually responsible for the phasing out of Quicktime.

HLS works by chopping up videos into smaller clips to make them easier to transmit over the internet.

Although it is praised for its compatibility, HLS has about 15-30 seconds of latency.

RTSP Streaming Protocol

RTSP, also known as Real-Time Streaming Protocol, is a lesser-known protocol for streaming video online.

This protocol was designed to control the streaming servers used in entertainment and communications systems. RTSP servers sit between the live stream and the viewer, issuing “play,” “pause” and “record” commands.

When the RTSP controls the server to client connection, video on demand streams are used; when it controls the client to server connection, RTSP utilizes voice recording streams.

RTMP vs. RTSP

RTMP and RTSP are both streaming protocols, meaning they are sets of rules that govern how data travels from one system of communication to another. If the video data you’re trying to send to your viewers is a car, then the streaming protocol is the roads that the car takes to get from one place to another.

Choosing between RTMP vs RTSP streaming protocols greatly depends on your individual business needs and how many extra steps you are willing to take to make your content playable on your website.

RTMP vs HLS

As we mentioned, RTMP and HLS work together to bring streams to life. They have complementary functions.

RTMP transmits the video from the encoder to the online video platform.

HLS transmits the video from the online video platform to the viewers’ devices.

Configuring Your RTMP Encoder in 6 Steps

In order to prepare for a smooth live stream, you have to make sure all of your RTMP settings are properly configured. 

Here is a 6-step walkthrough for configuring your RTMP encoder.

1. Connect Your Video Sources

The first step is to connect your video sources. The method that you use to do this differs depending on whether you’re using RTMP encoder hardware or a software encoder.

If you’re using a hardware encoder, the method is simple. Generally, hardware encoders have dedicated cable inputs for video cameras. These may include SDI inputs as well as HDMI. Additionally, some encoders support cameras via wifi. Generally, these systems are plug-and-play.

The method for connecting cameras to software encoders may be a little more complex. Generally, this involves installing a “capture card” on a desktop computer. Laptops and other devices can use external capture cards that often attach via USB.

Once your camera is physically connected to the encoder, it should be auto-detected. You can select it from a dropdown menu of “inputs.”

2. Create a New Live Channel and Connect Your OVP

The next step is creating a new live channel. This actually occurs via your online video platform. 

To complete this step with Dacast, follow these steps:

1. Log into your account.
2. Click “Live Channels” in the left-hand sidebar.
3. Click the orange “Create” button in the upper right.
4. Enter a title for your new live channel, then click “Add New.” 
5. Click the “Encoder Setup” tab in the top-center of the screen
6. This tab shows three simple setup steps. The first step involves selecting a publishing point (optional) and selecting a bitrate, resolution, and aspect ratio (also optional). The settings you select in your encoder will override these settings.
7. The second step allows you to select an encoder. Select the option that matches the encoder you’re using, or select “other RTMP encoder.”
8. Finally, on the right side of the window, a dialogue box will appear with a stream URL, a login, and a password. Leave this window open.

After your new live channel is created, you’ll need to link your encoder to Dacast. This involves navigating your encoder settings, usually labeled something like “Broadcast Settings” or “Output.” Enter your Dacast stream URL, username, and password here. Your encoder is now connected to your online video platform.

3. Select Video and Audio Encoding Options

The next step is to select your video and audio settings. First, select a resolution, such as 1920 x 1080 (full HD) or 720 x 480 (standard definition). In this step, you’ll also select a bitrate and a codec. It’s most common to use H.264 video compression, or advanced video coding (AVC) for video, and AAC for audio.

For more on setting up your encoder and choosing the best settings, check out our walkthrough guide. To skip ahead and access the live encoder configuration settings, check out our recommended live encoder settings.

4. Get an Embed Code

At this point, we recommend that you carry out a brief test stream. A test stream begins with embedding a video player on your website. Since this is just a test, you may wish to use a private webpage.

The exact method for embedding live streaming video to your website depends on the online video platform you’re using. If you’re using Dacast, we provide simple embed codes that can be pasted into any website to display your video. 

5. Conduct a Test Stream

Now, you’re ready to begin a test stream. Head to the Dacast back office and hit the toggle to turn your live channel “On.” Turn on your cameras and start recording. Since this is a test, it doesn’t matter what you’re streaming. Begin your live stream from the RTMP-enabled encoder you’re using to stream.

Visit the web page you embedded your video player on and take a look at how the stream is working. Test it out with both a desktop computer and a mobile device.

If you’re having problems here, you’ll need to do some live stream troubleshooting. Troubleshooting can be frustrating, so try to be as systematic as possible. Check every link in the system. Ensure that cables are connected and that settings are correct. If you need more help, consider contacting Dacast technical support.

6. Start Streaming

You’ve now fully configured your RTMP encoder and are ready to begin live streaming. Feel free to now copy your video player over to whatever web page or site you plan to stream on. 

You are now ready to begin your live stream.

Popular RTMP Encoders for Live Video Streaming

Let’s go over some of the more popular RTMP encoders on the market. If you’re in the market for an RTMP-enabled encoder, this breakdown can help you narrow down your options and so you don’t have to shop around. 

1. OBS Studio

OBS Studio, previously known as Open Broadcaster Studio, is an open-source platform with encoding capabilities.

Dacast has partnered with OBS Studio to create a custom platform on OBS Studio that integrates perfectly with the Dacast platform.

Basic Functionality:

OBS Studio offers recording, encoding, and broadcasting tools that integrate perfectly with a variety of professional video platforms.

Key Features:

OBS Studio comes with a variety of recording and encoding tools, including audio and video mixing, multiple integration options, and an easy-to-use interface.

Pros: 

• Free to use
• Works with most OVPs
• Easy-to-use
• Great for beginners

Cons:

• Not compatible with Apple macOS
• Very basic

Pricing:

OBS Studio is free to Dacast users and everyone else.

Best Use Case:

OBS Studio is best used as an encoding software along with a professional online video platform.

2. Wirecast

Wirecast is a live video streaming tool with encoding capabilities. It is owned and operated by Telestream. Telestream has been around since 2004, but their video production tools have been around since 1998.

Basic Functionality:

Wire cast is a software video switcher that controls real-time switching between several video sources.

It is used for encoding and mixing professional broadcasts.

Key Features:

• Multi-service broadcasting
• Supports several cameras at once
• Works on both Windows and iOS
• 3D graphics
• Simulcasting capabilities

Pros: 

• Jam-packed with advanced features
• Compatible with both Mac and Windows
• Great customer support
• Regular system updates

Cons:

• High price point
• Slightly complicated

Pricing:

This platform has two plans: Wirecast Studio for $599 and Wirecast Pro for $799.

Wirecast also offers a free 30-day trial.

Best Use Case:

Wirecast Studio is best suited for advanced, professional broadcasters who intend on operating elaborate live streams.

3. VidBlaster

VidBlaster is a live streaming tool that focuses on video production.

Basic Functionality:

Since VidBlaster has plans that support B2C streamers and advanced professional broadcasters, it has a wide range of capabilities. 

Key Features:

• Plans for a wide range of budgets
• Simple to use
• Works with Windows
• Video editing and mixing tools

Pros: 

• Free version
• Plans for every budget
• Supports multiple streams
• Easy setup
• Audio mixing and video editing

Cons:

• Branding limitations on the free version
• Only works on Windows

Pricing:

VidBlaster has four plans. They have a basic version, which is free to use. Their advanced plans have more features. The Home plan is $9/year, the Studio plan is $99/year and the Broadcast plan is $999/year.

Best Use Case:

VidBlaster has a wide range of best uses since it has such a variety of plans, but the encoding tools are at the core. It works well with professional OVPs.

4. vMix

vMix is a streaming tool with encoding capabilities that was designed for Windows operating systems. vMix was developed by StudioCoast. 

Basic Functionality:

vMix offers an array of video streaming tool plans. They offer a wide range of features at different price points, so there are options for broadcasters of every level of expertise. vMix offers powerful encoding services.

Key Features:

• Works with Windows 
• Supports a variety of file formats (audio, video, and image)
• Variety of video outputs
• Multicasting capabilities
• Free version available
• Plans for every budget
• Supports FMLE encoder (a free add-on tool from Adobe)
• Specialized codec for added speed

Pros: 

• Many powerful features
• Reliable customer support
• Professional platform
• Added speed for specialized codecs

Cons:

• High price point for most inclusive plans
• Only works with Windows 
• A bit tricky to use

Pricing:

vMix offers six different plans. They have two basic plans. One is free and one is $60. Their SD plan is $150, and the HD plan is $350. The 4K plan is $700, the Pro plan is $1200.

Best Use Case

vMix is best used as an encoding tool alongside a professional online video platform.

5. TriCaster

TriCaster offers high-end RTMP encoder hardware for advanced broadcasters. It has a wide range of capabilities that extend beyond encoding. 

Basic Functionality:

The TriCaster encoding tools are designed to aid broadcasters in live streaming by encoding in real-time.

Key Features:

• Expensive hardware
• Built-in mixing tools
• Real-time encoding
• Recording capabilities 

Pros: 

• Can process moving graphics
• Record to DDR

Cons:

• High price tag
• Requires additional paid tools to use
• Complicated setup
• Very heavy (some devices over 20 pounds)

Pricing:

The Tricaster encoding devices range from $4500 to $15,000.

Best Use Case

Tricaster’s encoding devices are best suited for advanced, professional broadcasters.

6. TeraDek

TeraDek is a physical encoding tool that was built for mobile broadcasting. It is most commonly used by advanced, professional broadcasters due to its elevated price point. It’s functionality and convenient design make it worth the hefty investment.

Basic Functionality:

TeraDek RTMP encoder hardware was built to encode on the go. It’s compact design and portable chassis allow broadcasters to stream beyond the studio.

Key Features:

• Small enough to film and encode on the go
• Phenomenal video quality
• A bit expensive

Pros: 

• Built for live streaming
• Top-of-the-line video quality
• Portable chassis
• Compact design 

Cons:

• Very high price point

Pricing:

Teradek’s encoding tools start at $1,790.

Best Use Case:

TeraDek is best suited for advanced, professional broadcasters.

7. Niagara Video

Niagara Video offers nearly 20 different RTMP encoder hardware and software options for broadcasters of different levels of expertise. Niagara Video has been serving the broadcasting community for nearly 20 years and they are considered a “trailblazer and innovator” in their industry.

Basic Functionality:

Niagara’s encoding tools are designed to encode and transcode video content.

Key Features:

• A wide variety of encoding tools to choose from

Pros: 

• Many hardware and software encoding choices

Cons:

• Not applicable.

Pricing:

Please contact Niagara directly for pricing on their products and solutions.

Best Use Case

Since Niagara offers a wide variety of products and solutions, there is not one single best use. However, the primary function of their products is to encode and transcode live video content.

Conclusion

There’s so much to know about video encoding. From RTMP and HLS to recording devices and OVPs, there really are so many moving parts involved in live streaming.

Configuring an RTMP encoder requires many steps, but it doesn’t have to be confusing or complicated. While it can be overwhelming and if it’s your first time streaming, the process becomes pretty straightforward with a little bit of direction.

Luckily, there are so many wonderful encoding tools on the market, so you’ll have no problem finding one with the features that best suit your streaming needs.

If you are looking for the perfect unified video platform to host your live streams, look no further. Interested in giving our streaming solutions a try? Why not take advantage of our free 30-day trial (no credit card required). You can test all the Dacast features for yourself to see if it’s a good fit for you!

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Any questions? Let us know by leaving a comment below! We have experience with most kinds of live video streaming encoders, so we can probably help no matter what issues you’re experiencing. For exclusive offers and regular live streaming tips, join our LinkedIn group.

Thanks for reading and happy streaming!